Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), sometimes called "free floating anxiety," is a condition characterized by excessive, chronic anxiety that interferes with the ability to function in normal, daily activities. Generalized anxiety is distinguished from a phobia in that it is not necessarily triggered by any specific event. Excessive thinking and dwelling on "what ifs" characterize this disorder. Feelings of worry, dread, a lack of energy and a loss of interest in life are common. The person gets caught in a vicious cycle of anxiety and worry and often becomes depressed about life and the state of anxiety they are in. While the person may realize their thoughts are irrational, the fear is quite real. Physical manifestations include headaches, trembling, twitching, irritability, frustration and an inability to concentrate. Elements of social phobia and/or panic may also occur.
GAD occurs in 3 to 4% of the population. About 10% of people treated at anxiety clinics are diagnosed with GAD. More women than men suffer from GAD, about 60% are women, 40% are men. Many people who are diagnosed with GAD say they have been nervous all their lives. The risk factors for GAD include environmental stressors, genetics, and sleep deprivation. Stressors such as financial concerns, health, relationships, school or work problems can intensify the symptoms. There is a 20% risk for GAD among blood relatives of people with the disorder and a 10% risk among people of relatives with depression. There also seems to be a correlation between GAD and other disorders including depression, phobia disorder and panic disorder. Anxiety is a risk factor for sleeping disorders such as insomnia.
GAD is associated with irregular levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. Increasing levels of GABA (gama-amino butyric acid) and serotonin seem to reduce anxiety. Treatment for GAD is often a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Doctors may prescribe antidepressants, benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, or buspirone. The drug choice is influenced by the patients ability to tolerate the side effects and the drug’s effectiveness in reducing symptoms. Therapies for GAD include cognitive behavior therapy, behavioral therapy, biofeedback, controlled exposure to anxiety-causing situations, meditation, and relaxation therapy. Research has shown that GAD is treatable and does respond to treatment in most cases. It is a good idea to locate a professional who specializes in anxiety disorders when seeking help for this condition.
